Name Region Volume (24h) Fees Fiat money Pairs Top pairs Features News
Seychelles 851,345.20 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.015%
Taker
0.1%
0.032%
100 (31%)
(24%)
(12%)
Futures contract
(250x leverage)
Options contract
10% fee discount
Bitcoin just bounced hard from yesterday’s dump and shot back above $90K, here’s why:
Unknown 781,310.48 BTC
Maker
0.02%
0%
Taker
0.05%
0.0153%
632 (25%)
(24%)
(7%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
20% fee discount
Whales just dropped $2.1B in 24 hours — and …..
Unknown 177,132.17 BTC
0.1%
0%




And much more...
2491 (12%)
(11%)
(10%)
Margin trading
20% fee discount
CZ vs Schiff debate at Binance Blockchain Week
Panama 70,029.89 BTC
Maker
0.03%
0%
Taker
0.05%
0%
15 (79%)
(18%)
(1%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Options contract
10% fee discount
Whales just dropped $2.1B in 24 hours — and …..
Singapore 56,196.56 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.02%
Taker
0.1%
0.05%
335 (65%)
(21%)
(2%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Account hacked and emptied.
Saint-Vincent-and-the-Grenadines 54,477.41 BTC
Maker
0.08%
0.006%
Taker
0.1%
0.03%
581 (34%)
(32%)
(7%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
Monetize Your Influence: How to Join Bitunix Affiliate Program and Unlock High, Lifetime Commission Rebates
Singapore 46,186.97 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.02%
Taker
0.2%
0.06%
443 (41%)
(31%)
(5%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Hong-Kong 44,553.09 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.02%
Taker
0.2%
0.06%
1183 (25%)
(22%)
(11%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
15% fee discount
Update about IIP 40 & 48 IoTeX Governance are focused on making the chain more accessible and powerful:
Cayman-Islands 37,807.91 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.02%
Taker
0.1%
0.0338%
1162 (51%)
(29%)
(1%)
Margin trading
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Up to $3,000
in rewards
🔑 Your Key to the Elite Circle.
Hong-Kong 37,111.85 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.005%
Taker
0.1%
0.02%


1216 (46%)
(13%)
(4%)
Bitget alternatives for Canadians after they stop operating in Canada?
Singapore 37,068.37 BTC
Maker
0%
0%
Taker
0.01%
0%
2506 (28%)
(28%)
(4%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
Mexc exchange freeze my account without any valid reason. Now if I try to withdraw my money a risk control message shows up. I already explained mexc team but they don't listen to me.
Singapore 36,933.93 BTC
Maker
0.15%
0%
Taker
0.3%
0.044%


612 (43%)
(22%)
(18%)
The centralized exchanges that support Algorand
Seychelles 34,200.57 BTC 0.2% 253 (79%)
(4%)
(4%)
Happy to announce another listing
Singapore 33,944.51 BTC
Maker
0.06%
0.02%
Taker
0.07%
0.06%
1068 (58%)
(4%)
(2%)
Up to $3,000
in rewards
$RUJI token explained - FAQ
Seychelles 33,101.03 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.0094%
Taker
0.2%
0.0163%


664 (11%)
(6%)
(4%)
20% fee discount HTX Listing Kaspa. Hidden Easter Egg Confirmed 👀🚀
Singapore 33,077.69 BTC
0.2%
0.01%
483 (60%)
(12%)
(2%)
Futures contract
(200x leverage)
Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU IND) issues notices for non-compliance to 25 offshore Virtual Digital Assets Service providers (VDA SPs) under Section 13 of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PML) Act, 2002
Singapore 31,188.23 BTC
0.3%
0.1%
342 (80%)
(8%)
(2%)
Futures contract
(200x leverage)
Sold the BTC dip but now……Emotion is the real reason I'm losing?
Singapore 30,275.16 BTC
Maker
0.15%
0%
Taker
0.2%
0.01%
636 (29%)
(20%)
(7%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Options contract
$30,000 Deposit
Rewards
Power up your trading experience with private deposit?
United-Arab-Emirates 28,368.81 BTC
0.2%
0.02%
1537 (30%)
(28%)
(6%)
Margin trading
20% fee discount
The centralized exchanges that support Algorand
Australia 27,948.86 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.0125%
Taker
0.2%
0.0375%
506 (51%)
(16%)
(3%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
🪸 LAST WEEK AT REEF 🪸 Friday, May 9, 2025
Cayman-Islands 27,000.51 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0.02%


4491 (39%)
(17%)
(4%)
20% fee discount Top Crypto Exchanges donated Over HK$79 Million for Hong Kong Tai Po Fire Victims
United-States-of-America 25,445.61 BTC
Maker
0.4%
0%
Taker
0.6%
0.05%


485 (31%)
(17%)
(7%)
Margin trading
Stop orders
API sandbox
Whales just dropped $2.1B in 24 hours — and …..
Indonesia 24,393.44 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.1%
Taker
0.21%
0.11%

41 (48%)
(18%)
(8%)
Review Aplikasi Reku
Seychelles 23,306.48 BTC
Maker
0.18%
-0.01%
Taker
0.36%
0.03%


700 (27%)
(25%)
(6%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Whales just dropped $2.1B in 24 hours — and …..
Singapore 21,951.47 BTC
Maker
0.15%
0%
Taker
0.2%
0.08%
785 (38%)
(32%)
(3%)
Margin trading
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Three New Listings For Zano!
Canada 21,142.62 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.04%
Taker
0.1%
0.006%
828 (36%)
(27%)
(5%)
Futures contract
(200x leverage)
Hege on Bifinance and more! Welcome to this week in $HEGE
Canada 20,183.12 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.02%
Taker
0.2%
0.06%
1133 (45%)
(24%)
(3%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Bullish ⏰ to buy
Seychelles 18,978.21 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.006%
Taker
0.2%
0.03%
836 (30%)
(28%)
(5%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
The centralized exchanges that support Algorand
Seychelles 17,408.49 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.016%
Taker
0.1%
0.0256%


757 (33%)
(25%)
(4%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
20% fee discount
Amazon’s Latest Moves. Seller Fees, AI Chips, and AWS Growth
Estonia 17,055.77 BTC 0.15%
154 (22%)
(18%)
(14%)
FITOCHAIN PRESALE NOW
Estonia 16,479.32 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.01%
Taker
0.1%
0.035%

763 (14%)
(8%)
(3%)
Margin trading 🆕 Dash Perpetual Contract listed on Whitebit
Unknown 16,247.71 BTC
0.15%
0.05%

138 (65%)
(19%)
(4%)
Futures contract
(10x leverage)
⤵️ Community daily tasks | 14/6/24
Singapore 16,053.21 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.02%
Taker
0.1%
0.05%
1083 (29%)
(28%)
(8%)
Futures contract
(150x leverage)
5% fee discount
Singapore 15,092.81 BTC
Maker
0.2%
-0.015%
Taker
0.2%
0.02%
792 (41%)
(33%)
(5%)
Margin trading
Futures contract
We are 3rd in top 10 gain on ascendex exchange
South-Korea 14,858.35 BTC
0.25%
0.05%

664 (14%)
(12%)
(12%)
North Korean hacking group Lazarus blamed for $30 million crypto exchange Upbit heist
Lithuania 14,462.44 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.01%
Taker
0.2%
0.1%

160 (29%)
(28%)
(23%)
United-States-of-America 13,684.34 BTC
Maker
0.25%
0%
Taker
0.4%
0.001%


1352 (17%)
(12%)
(9%)
Futures contract
(50x leverage)
Margin trading
Dark pool
BitGo Instant
🦊 Kendu 24H Recap: Whales Dive, Chads Rise—Kendu Takes Off! 🪖
Panama 13,110.19 BTC
Maker
0.2%
-0.005%
Taker
0.2%
0.07%

1011 (33%)
(24%)
(7%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Margin trading
10% fee discount
💪 Poloniex exchange announces support for the upcoming eCash (XEC) network upgrade! ⚙️
Cayman-Islands 11,812.05 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0.0325%
493 (37%)
(20%)
(7%)
Futures contract
(150x leverage)
5% fee discount
PSA: Kraken Exchange is delisting USTC, LUNC and LUNA
United-States-of-America 10,256.05 BTC
Maker
0.02%
0%
Taker
0.05%
0.01%
330 (51%)
(18%)
(8%)
Futures contract
(50x leverage)
Kraken: TRX Added to Futures Contracts Next Week
British-Virgin-Islands 9,504.13 BTC
Maker
0.2%
-0.02%
Taker
0.2%
0.036%


1227 (30%)
(22%)
(7%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Medium Article Analysis
Seychelles 7,625.28 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.02%
Taker
0.1%
0.05%
368 (12%)
(5%)
(5%)
Futures contract
(200x leverage)
Links and Additional Resources
Singapore 7,185.59 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.06%
Taker
0.2%
0.07%
260 (32%)
(24%)
(17%)
Margin trading
10% fee discount
Crypto exchange BigONE hacked for over $27 million in hot wallet exploit
South-Korea 6,535.97 BTC
0.25%
0%
442 (16%)
(11%)
(10%)
Listing Nano on Korean Exchanges... PLEASE`~
United-Kingdom 6,235.68 BTC
Maker
0.3%
0%
Taker
0.4%
0.006%



266 (51%)
(11%)
(6%)
Stop order
Ripple gateway
BitGo Instant
Something’s brewing — $1.4B moved and the pattern is unmistakable
Singapore 6,077.79 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0.0325%

625 (30%)
(17%)
(6%)
Margin trading
Ukraine 5,652.49 BTC 0.2%
121 (68%)
(6%)
(6%)
Qmall
United-Kingdom 4,958.87 BTC
Maker
0.4%
0%
Taker
0.55%
0.02%

144 (43%)
(18%)
(13%)
¿cual es la exchange con menor comisión o como hacen para bajar sus comisiones?
Spain 4,145.33 BTC
Maker
0.5%
0%
Taker
0.6%
0.001%



313 (30%)
(13%)
(13%)
Where and how to buy RUJI?
Poland 2,920.34 BTC
Maker
0.49%
0%
Taker
0.98%
0.04%
1229 (52%)
(21%)
(18%)
$50 credit Another major exchange (LATOKEN) has decided to list both Zano and fUSD!
United-States-of-America 2,641.65 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0%
Taker
0.4%
0.03%

388 (14%)
(14%)
(14%)
API sandbox Before you use Gemini read this
Netherlands 2,437.46 BTC
Maker
0.15%
0%
Taker
0.25%
0.01%


437 (29%)
(13%)
(8%)
TOSHI now available at Bitvavo!
Hong-Kong 2,054.87 BTC
Maker
0.2%
-0.02%
Taker
0.2%
0.04%

1519 (25%)
(14%)
(11%)
Margin trading
Stop Limit
Futures contract
7.5% fee discount
How to buy Pepecoin ($PEP) on CoinEx
Unknown 1,860.74 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.01%
Taker
0.25%
0.04%
1102 (27%)
(22%)
(6%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Margin trading
BCH market
Add token
SaucerSwap (SAUCE) is now live on HitBTC
Turkey 1,826.59 BTC
Maker
0.25%
0%
Taker
0.35%
0.06%

257 (8%)
(4%)
(4%)
44 Million XRP Vanishes from Turkish Exchange as Mega Bull Signals Flash
Saint-Kitts-and-Nevis 1,821.45 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.031%
Taker
0.5%
0.031%

654 (28%)
(23%)
(6%)
BCH market
Margin trading
Futures contract
(75x leverage)
Malta 1,755.10 BTC
0.1%
0.01%

157 (29%)
(24%)
(6%)
6 years and many more to come
Turkey 1,677.56 BTC
Maker
0.12%
0.01%
Taker
0.2%
0.01%

341 (14%)
(5%)
(4%)
Your Daily Bitcoin Breakdown newsletter is now live. Check out today’s Top Stories and a sneak peek at the latest Quick Bits snippets. Full issue link is in the comments.
Chile 1,626.46 BTC
Maker
0.28%
0.04%
Taker
0.59%
0.06%


119 (31%)
(26%)
(7%)
Seychelles 1,559.24 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0.03%
345 (33%)
(26%)
(7%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
British-Virgin-Islands 1,399.26 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.015%
Taker
0.2%
0.02%


232 (38%)
(20%)
(19%)
Margin trading
BitGo Instant
Whales just dropped $2.1B in 24 hours — and …..
South-Korea 1,343.91 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0%
Taker
0.2%
0.01%
391 (56%)
(21%)
(6%)
Margin trading XRP's Korean Institutional Gateway Just Went Live
Japan 1,309.88 BTC
0.1%
0.03%
8 (71%)
(25%)
(2%)
Margin trading
(15x leverage)
Outflows climbing. Exchanges thinning. Binance crowned #1 — Coinbase pushed aside.
Switzerland 1,262.53 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.015%
Taker
0.2%
0.0263%
495 (5%)
(5%)
(3%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
GoMining: 2017 vs. Heute
Estonia 1,113.64 BTC 0.2% 60 (9%)
(8%)
(7%)
Ethereum erush listed on new crypto exchange Share EER 📈📊📈❕❗❕❗ Buy - sell and start ethereum erush mining https://bitspay.io/trade/EER_BTC
United-Kingdom 1,053.76 BTC
Maker
0.3%
-0.05%
Taker
0.3%
0.02%




And much more...
215 (18%)
(7%)
(7%)
GoMining: 2017 vs. Heute
Indonesia 996.01 BTC
Maker
0.31%
0.246%
Taker
0.31%
0.258%

958 (11%)
(1%)
(1%)
Pertanyaan buat yang nge trade di binance lalu wd di tokocrypto
Singapore 867.64 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.04%
Taker
0.1%
0.06%
222 (44%)
(23%)
(5%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
Liquidity and Trading Options: BTCC vs Deepcoin - Which Exchange Offers More?
Japan 793.48 BTC
Maker
0.05%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0%
25 (84%)
(11%)
(4%)
Interest on deposit Kraken earnings and Crypto.com revenue guesstimates
Seychelles 785.29 BTC
Maker
0.08%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0.03%
152 (24%)
(16%)
(16%)
Futures contract
(50x leverage)
Options contract
WTS Gems - Multiple Series (1,2,3,4,Space)
Argentina 772.32 BTC 0.1% 15 (40%)
(37%)
(9%)
RWA Inc: Enabling Businesses To Unlock Liquidity
Japan 628.68 BTC
0.12%
-0.02%
62 (31%)
(25%)
(20%)
Another listing … Expected
Thailand 619.30 BTC 0.25%
249 (48%)
(16%)
(8%)
Mexico 471.78 BTC
Maker
0.5%
0.04%
Taker
0.65%
0.05%


99 (36%)
(9%)
(8%)
Cab driver better than Americans
Unknown 421.47 BTC
0.2%
0.06%
352 (25%)
(25%)
(4%)
No KYC required Current stats on my crazy solo mining experiment
Japan 405.61 BTC
0.05%
-0.01%
17 (41%)
(31%)
(14%)
Margin trading
Thailand 377.41 BTC
0.25%
0.1%

635 (28%)
(14%)
(14%)
GoMining: My Ultimate Review and why You Should Invest!
Taiwan 348.91 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.01%
Taker
0.2%
0.036%

33 (65%)
(10%)
(5%)
How do you stay ahead of silent exchange hacks and wallet drains?
India 230.35 BTC 0.25%
290 (14%)
(9%)
(7%)
106 spot exchange listings $TURBO
South-Africa 214.39 BTC
Maker
0%
-0.01%
Taker
0.1%
0.01%

155 (70%)
(10%)
(3%)
The Fed Cut Interest Rate Again, and Bitcoin Price Reacted Immediately
Brazil 161.80 BTC
Maker
0.25%
0.02%
Taker
0.5%
0.15%


135 (55%)
(25%)
(7%)
Não sei onde meu pouquinho de bitcoin foi parar
Brazil 120.23 BTC
Maker
0.25%
0.015%
Taker
0.5%
0.1%


633 (44%)
(24%)
(23%)
What is this AscendEX price?
South-Africa 119.46 BTC
Maker
0.4%
0%
Taker
0.6%
0.03%


134 (22%)
(17%)
(15%)
United-States-of-America 117.51 BTC
Maker
0.38%
0%
Taker
0.57%
0.0475%
236 (12%)
(11%)
(9%)
Criminal CZ talking about transactional authentication. What kind of value Bitcoin brings to the table by authenticating the genuinity of the number of intrinsically worthless magic beans in wallets? Also what about wash trading in Binance?
Brazil 100.80 BTC
Maker
0.3%
0.015%
Taker
0.7%
0.25%


381 (26%)
(25%)
(23%)
🚨 New $SWEAT Listing LIVE 🚨
Australia 68.57 BTC
0.2%
-0.05%

42 (42%)
(26%)
(12%)
Pay ID held 25hra
South-Korea 63.32 BTC
Maker
0.05%
0%
Taker
0.15%
0.05%
5 (37%)
(35%)
(26%)
BitGo Instant Listing Nano on Korean Exchanges... PLEASE`~
Brazil 59.67 BTC
0.2%
0%


192 (45%)
(40%)
(8%)
Cadastro via PIX
South-Korea 56.27 BTC 0.2%
132 (62%)
(6%)
(5%)
Binance has reportedly completed its acquisition of local crypto exchange Gopax - BINANCE BACK IN SOUTH KOREA!
Australia 49.21 BTC
0.5%
0.02%
164 (28%)
(12%)
(8%)
Canada 42.88 BTC 0.2%
75 (31%)
(18%)
(15%)
blockchain technology transaction failure?
Estonia 42.22 BTC
Maker
0.3%
0%
Taker
0.45%
0.01%


175 (17%)
(17%)
(16%)
Nawrocki is in the final stretch, with the full support of the Trumpists and the Confederation.
Brazil 39.79 BTC
Maker
0.25%
0%
Taker
0.5%
0.1%



141 (43%)
(27%)
(11%)
India 37.28 BTC
Maker
0.5%
0.008%
Taker
0.5%
0.035%

417 (27%)
(12%)
(7%)
Margin trading
Futures contract
Indian crypto exchanges are investing in startups instead of fixing their product… and it makes zero sense
Brazil 27.88 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.05%
Taker
0.5%
0.12%


69 (21%)
(16%)
(16%)
Pagamento de
boletos
Japan 27.48 BTC
0.1%
0.05%
7 (67%)
(21%)
(6%)
I was scammed and lost $52k through BTC Box skinned site/app.
United-Arab-Emirates 27.10 BTC 0.1% 16 (29%)
(29%)
(14%)
New Exchange poll
Czech-Republic 22.41 BTC
Maker
0.4%
-0.04%
Taker
0.6%
0.1%

15 (35%)
(30%)
(21%)
Manual Crypto Arbitrage
Panama 21.43 BTC
5%
0%




And much more...
70 (26%)
(21%)
(15%)
No KYC required
Reputation system
Escrow
10% fee discount
India 19.03 BTC
0.25%
0.03%

224 (29%)
(23%)
(19%)
Last Day to File ITR — Check Your 26AS for Crypto Trades 🚨
United-States-of-America 13.62 BTC 0.1%
4 (90%)
(9%)
(0%)
Be aware of different transaction history on your pionex.us mobile app and website. Your profit is not final what it shows on your account using website is way different than using mobile app. Check yours and compare them.
South-Korea 13.37 BTC
0.2%
0.03%

62 (24%)
(11%)
(6%)
Nigeria 11.18 BTC
0.3%
0.1%

92 (54%)
(11%)
(10%)
Nigeria vs. Binance: A Landmark Legal Battle in Crypto Regulation
Japan 9.58 BTC
0.3%
0%
35 (64%)
(33%)
(0%)
Crypto.com is back to No.2
Croatia 6.59 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.05%
Taker
0.5%
0.05%


49 (32%)
(9%)
(8%)
Stop limit Cryptocurrency Exchanges - Bullseye.io
Netherlands 6.34 BTC 0.8%
1 (100%)
Unknown 5.30 BTC
0.03%
-0.005%
29 (52%)
(36%)
(6%)
Decentralized People with both the family and the drug dealer, answer me
Italy 5.28 BTC 0%

10 (41%)
(32%)
(8%)
Chile 4.98 BTC
Maker
0.4%
0.1%
Taker
0.8%
0.2%
7 (88%)
(6%)
(4%)
r/Bitcoin recap - October 2018
Isle-of-Man 4.57 BTC 1%
2 (99%)
(0%)
Credit/Debit cards Do people here not use cryptoexchanges to buy bitcoin?
India 3.60 BTC 0.2%
109 (40%)
(31%)
(4%)
ARK added to Bitcoiva exchange
India 3.45 BTC
0.4%
0.1%

500 (16%)
(9%)
(8%)
Stop Limit Crypto is unironically the best way to save some assets from a possible marital dispute?
United-Kingdom 2.92 BTC
Maker
0.15%
0%
Taker
0.25%
0.01%



337 (17%)
(13%)
(11%)
Margin trading
GHS Trading
Cloud Mining
Credit/Debit cards
Crypto.com is back to No.2
Thailand 1.47 BTC 0.25%
55 (69%)
(10%)
(8%)
XRP Tops Thailand's Asset Performance Charts for 9th Consecutive Month
India 0.77 BTC
0.3%
0.2%

188 (28%)
(21%)
(12%)
Bitcoin Meetup: Stories from Bitcoiners who saw it at ₹500 [Tomorrow, 6th Sept]
United-Kingdom 0.21 BTC 0%
5 (47%)
(37%)
(14%)
Brainstorming and collating information and sources to aid us in the upcoming battle in the UK over exchanges criminally delisting BSV.
United-Kingdom 0.04 BTC
Maker
0.4%
0%
Taker
0.45%
0.06%

9 (97%)
(2%)
(0%)
Margin trading
Brazil 0.02 BTC
0.5%
0.1%

69 (43%)
(15%)
(10%)
The latest Bitcoin Breakdown newsletter issue is now live. See a sneak peek of the Quick Bits and Quick Media sections below. Full issue link is in the comments.
Brazil 0.01 BTC 0.12%
1 (100%)
Germany 0.00 BTC 0.4% 88 (47%)
(16%)
(12%)
New-Zealand 0.00 BTC
0.8%
0.4%
1 (100%) Floating Orders Kiwi-Coin (Est. 2014) Shuts Jan 1, 2026 - NZ OG BTC Exchange Latest De-Risking Casualty
Unknown 0 BTC 0.2% 42 No KYC required
Slovenia 0 BTC
Maker
0.5%
0.01%
Taker
0.5%
0.03%


0 Mining NH Kawpow top profit maker today!!
Indonesia 0 BTC
Maker
0.21%
0.2%
Taker
0.31%
0.3%

487 Recent Reported Crypto Investment Platforms and How to Report Them
Australia 0 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.01%
Taker
0.1%
0.01%
104 Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Brazil 0 BTC 0% 44 August Report for Brazil Proposal
Brazil 0 BTC 0.2%
1
127 exchanges from 42 countries (updated )