Name Region Volume (24h) Fees Fiat money Pairs Top pairs Features News
Seychelles 976,801.55 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.015%
Taker
0.1%
0.032%
103 (43%)
(20%)
(11%)
Futures contract
(250x leverage)
Options contract
10% fee discount
Your Daily Bitcoin Breakdown newsletter is now live. Check out today’s Top Stories and a sneak peek at the latest Opinion & Analysis pieces. Full issue link is in the comments.
Unknown 750,313.47 BTC
Maker
0.02%
0%
Taker
0.05%
0.0153%
636 (25%)
(23%)
(5%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
20% fee discount
Questions about bitcoin-like futures, for the general cryptocurrency community (or your favorite AI).
Seychelles 186,759.10 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.02%
Taker
0.1%
0.05%
363 (49%)
(46%)
(0%)
Futures contract
(200x leverage)
Links and Additional Resources
Unknown 173,240.45 BTC
0.1%
0%




And much more...
2494 (12%)
(12%)
(10%)
Margin trading
20% fee discount
Crypto non dichiarate [AIUTO]
Panama 74,765.73 BTC
Maker
0.03%
0%
Taker
0.05%
0%
15 (81%)
(16%)
(2%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Options contract
10% fee discount
Whales just dropped $2.1B in 24 hours — and …..
Singapore 56,173.25 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.02%
Taker
0.1%
0.05%
336 (66%)
(20%)
(2%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Account hacked and emptied.
Saint-Vincent-and-the-Grenadines 53,594.62 BTC
Maker
0.08%
0.006%
Taker
0.1%
0.03%
599 (34%)
(30%)
(8%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
Singapore 45,943.10 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.02%
Taker
0.2%
0.06%
443 (42%)
(30%)
(6%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Singapore 43,037.34 BTC
0.2%
0.01%
484 (62%)
(13%)
(2%)
Futures contract
(200x leverage)
Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU IND) issues notices for non-compliance to 25 offshore Virtual Digital Assets Service providers (VDA SPs) under Section 13 of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PML) Act, 2002
Hong-Kong 40,426.35 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.02%
Taker
0.2%
0.06%
1162 (26%)
(24%)
(4%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
15% fee discount
Seychelles 37,436.92 BTC 0.2% 250 (87%)
(4%)
(2%)
Happy to announce another listing
Seychelles 37,409.65 BTC
Maker
0%
0%
Taker
0.01%
0%
2540 (32%)
(25%)
(6%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
MOMO: The First Female Shiba Inu — and One of the Most Unique Meme Narratives Right Now
Hong-Kong 36,154.35 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.005%
Taker
0.1%
0.02%


1218 (37%)
(13%)
(4%)
Singapore 34,168.85 BTC
Maker
0.06%
0.02%
Taker
0.07%
0.06%
1073 (58%)
(4%)
(2%)
Up to $3,000
in rewards
Bitrue exchange brings accessible AI trading to its 40 million global user base
Seychelles 33,642.70 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.0094%
Taker
0.2%
0.0163%


669 (11%)
(7%)
(2%)
20% fee discount MOMO: The First Female Shiba Inu — and One of the Most Unique Meme Narratives Right Now
Singapore 32,227.58 BTC
Maker
0.15%
0%
Taker
0.2%
0.01%
638 (31%)
(16%)
(7%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Options contract
$30,000 Deposit
Rewards
2025 an ETH Year in Review
Singapore 31,050.53 BTC
Maker
0.15%
0%
Taker
0.3%
0.044%


611 (40%)
(22%)
(19%)
Late on rent type of parlay 🤣what yall think.
Australia 30,688.49 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.0125%
Taker
0.2%
0.0375%
517 (46%)
(20%)
(3%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
🪸 LAST WEEK AT REEF 🪸 Friday, May 9, 2025
United-Arab-Emirates 30,246.36 BTC
0.2%
0.02%
1536 (31%)
(26%)
(8%)
Margin trading
20% fee discount
The centralized exchanges that support Algorand
Cayman-Islands 29,473.78 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0.02%


4517 (37%)
(15%)
(4%)
20% fee discount Top Crypto Exchanges donated Over HK$79 Million for Hong Kong Tai Po Fire Victims
Cayman-Islands 27,935.66 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.02%
Taker
0.1%
0.0338%
1167 (36%)
(33%)
(1%)
Margin trading
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Up to $3,000
in rewards
🎙️ Join the next BitMart Interview Series.
Seychelles 26,192.37 BTC
Maker
0.18%
-0.01%
Taker
0.36%
0.03%


695 (27%)
(26%)
(8%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Three identical 1,507 BTC transfers just happened — and that’s not how whales usually move money
Indonesia 24,565.03 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.1%
Taker
0.21%
0.11%

41 (48%)
(18%)
(8%)
Review Aplikasi Reku
United-States-of-America 23,769.45 BTC
Maker
0.4%
0%
Taker
0.6%
0.05%


484 (34%)
(17%)
(7%)
Margin trading
Stop orders
API sandbox
AND
Singapore 23,646.91 BTC
Maker
0.15%
0%
Taker
0.2%
0.08%
783 (39%)
(31%)
(2%)
Margin trading
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Three New Listings For Zano!
Seychelles 21,261.42 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.016%
Taker
0.1%
0.0256%


751 (28%)
(16%)
(15%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
20% fee discount
Please stop reckless trading attempts if you have no prior experience
Canada 20,772.22 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.02%
Taker
0.2%
0.06%
1139 (44%)
(22%)
(3%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Bullish ⏰ to buy
Seychelles 20,553.04 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.006%
Taker
0.2%
0.03%
845 (31%)
(25%)
(6%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
The centralized exchanges that support Algorand
Canada 20,320.18 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.04%
Taker
0.1%
0.006%
805 (37%)
(25%)
(6%)
Futures contract
(200x leverage)
Hege on Bifinance and more! Welcome to this week in $HEGE
Estonia 18,400.42 BTC 0.15%
156 (22%)
(18%)
(14%)
FITOCHAIN PRESALE NOW
Singapore 16,020.78 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.02%
Taker
0.1%
0.05%
1066 (34%)
(24%)
(6%)
Futures contract
(150x leverage)
5% fee discount
Unified Economic Layers are Crucial for GameFi Interoperability
Unknown 15,385.96 BTC
0.15%
0.05%

138 (62%)
(22%)
(5%)
Futures contract
(10x leverage)
⤵️ Community daily tasks | 14/6/24
Lithuania 15,008.39 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.01%
Taker
0.2%
0.1%

160 (30%)
(29%)
(20%)
Singapore 14,926.26 BTC
Maker
0.2%
-0.015%
Taker
0.2%
0.02%
752 (41%)
(33%)
(5%)
Margin trading
Futures contract
📚 401JK FAQ + Community Q&A 💬
United-States-of-America 14,755.71 BTC
Maker
0.25%
0%
Taker
0.4%
0.001%


1365 (14%)
(11%)
(8%)
Futures contract
(50x leverage)
Margin trading
Dark pool
BitGo Instant
🦊 Kendu 24H Recap: Bulls, Buys & Banter—All Systems Go! 🪖
Estonia 13,758.35 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.01%
Taker
0.1%
0.035%

761 (13%)
(10%)
(3%)
Margin trading 🆕 Dash Perpetual Contract listed on Whitebit
Panama 12,806.48 BTC
Maker
0.2%
-0.005%
Taker
0.2%
0.07%

1013 (34%)
(22%)
(8%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Margin trading
10% fee discount
💪 Poloniex exchange announces support for the upcoming eCash (XEC) network upgrade! ⚙️
South-Korea 12,571.27 BTC
0.25%
0.05%

664 (16%)
(12%)
(11%)
South Korea to impose bank-level liability on crypto exchanges after Upbit hack: Report
Cayman-Islands 12,304.94 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0.0325%
489 (38%)
(17%)
(10%)
Futures contract
(150x leverage)
5% fee discount
PSA: Kraken Exchange is delisting USTC, LUNC and LUNA
United-States-of-America 11,425.37 BTC
Maker
0.02%
0%
Taker
0.05%
0.01%
331 (41%)
(29%)
(7%)
Futures contract
(50x leverage)
Kraken: TRX Added to Futures Contracts Next Week
British-Virgin-Islands 8,710.99 BTC
Maker
0.2%
-0.02%
Taker
0.2%
0.036%


1231 (29%)
(22%)
(6%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Medium Article Analysis
Singapore 7,214.84 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.06%
Taker
0.2%
0.07%
261 (34%)
(23%)
(16%)
Margin trading
10% fee discount
Singapore 6,349.06 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0.0325%

626 (33%)
(17%)
(5%)
Margin trading [UPDATE] MEXC's Response Confirms Mathematical Impossibility - They're Using WRONG DATA
South-Korea 6,202.79 BTC
0.25%
0%
444 (15%)
(12%)
(11%)
Listing Nano on Korean Exchanges... PLEASE`~
United-Kingdom 6,193.56 BTC
Maker
0.3%
0%
Taker
0.4%
0.006%



266 (53%)
(10%)
(7%)
Stop order
Ripple gateway
BitGo Instant
More proof of residence pending
United-Kingdom 4,584.70 BTC
Maker
0.4%
0%
Taker
0.55%
0.02%

133 (46%)
(17%)
(12%)
¿cual es la exchange con menor comisión o como hacen para bajar sus comisiones?
Ukraine 4,495.75 BTC 0.2%
121 (61%)
(8%)
(7%)
Qmall
Spain 4,223.09 BTC
Maker
0.5%
0%
Taker
0.6%
0.001%



314 (29%)
(14%)
(12%)
Where and how to buy RUJI?
United-States-of-America 2,889.40 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0%
Taker
0.4%
0.03%

389 (16%)
(16%)
(16%)
API sandbox Constant Security Holds On My Account For No Reason
Poland 2,648.38 BTC
Maker
0.49%
0%
Taker
0.98%
0.04%
1230 (48%)
(23%)
(21%)
$50 credit Another major exchange (LATOKEN) has decided to list both Zano and fUSD!
Netherlands 2,365.17 BTC
Maker
0.15%
0%
Taker
0.25%
0.01%


437 (33%)
(12%)
(9%)
TOSHI now available at Bitvavo!
Unknown 2,146.35 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.01%
Taker
0.25%
0.04%
1102 (33%)
(19%)
(7%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Margin trading
SaucerSwap (SAUCE) is now live on HitBTC
Saint-Kitts-and-Nevis 2,100.80 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.031%
Taker
0.5%
0.031%

654 (34%)
(20%)
(8%)
BCH market
Margin trading
Futures contract
(75x leverage)
Malta 2,043.49 BTC
0.1%
0.01%

157 (35%)
(20%)
(8%)
6 years and many more to come
Hong-Kong 2,032.34 BTC
Maker
0.2%
-0.02%
Taker
0.2%
0.04%

1507 (30%)
(12%)
(7%)
Margin trading
Stop Limit
Futures contract
7.5% fee discount
How to buy Pepecoin ($PEP) on CoinEx
Chile 1,924.46 BTC
Maker
0.28%
0.04%
Taker
0.59%
0.06%


119 (37%)
(22%)
(8%)
USDC dispara no radar dos investidores: descubra agora o valor da stablecoin que não para de crescer!
Seychelles 1,833.66 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0.03%
345 (38%)
(23%)
(9%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Turkey 1,532.37 BTC
Maker
0.12%
0.01%
Taker
0.2%
0.01%

345 (16%)
(5%)
(4%)
Your Daily Bitcoin Breakdown newsletter is now live. Check out today’s Top Stories and a sneak peek at the latest Quick Bits snippets. Full issue link is in the comments.
Turkey 1,491.34 BTC
Maker
0.25%
0%
Taker
0.35%
0.06%

259 (4%)
(4%)
(4%)
44 Million XRP Vanishes from Turkish Exchange as Mega Bull Signals Flash
British-Virgin-Islands 1,428.49 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.015%
Taker
0.2%
0.02%


234 (36%)
(25%)
(17%)
Margin trading
BitGo Instant
The Parallel Rehypothecation Risks in Bitcoin ETFs and USDT Treasury Buying: How Two Synthetic Leverage Engines Could Unwind Together
Switzerland 1,341.05 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.015%
Taker
0.2%
0.0263%
495 (5%)
(5%)
(3%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
GoMining: 2017 vs. Heute
Japan 1,250.93 BTC
0.1%
0.03%
8 (68%)
(28%)
(2%)
Margin trading
(15x leverage)
Outflows climbing. Exchanges thinning. Binance crowned #1 — Coinbase pushed aside.
Estonia 1,197.60 BTC 0.2% 61 (9%)
(8%)
(7%)
Ethereum erush listed on new crypto exchange Share EER 📈📊📈❕❗❕❗ Buy - sell and start ethereum erush mining https://bitspay.io/trade/EER_BTC
Singapore 1,167.53 BTC
0.3%
0.1%
343 (21%)
(11%)
(4%)
Futures contract
(200x leverage)
I'm done trusting chart performance. What are the true long-term fundamentals for an exchange? I'm wondering if a platform like BYDFi is the answer.
South-Korea 1,067.70 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0%
Taker
0.2%
0.01%
393 (50%)
(11%)
(7%)
Margin trading
Japan 1,028.96 BTC
Maker
0.05%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0%
25 (90%)
(6%)
(2%)
Interest on deposit Kraken earnings and Crypto.com revenue guesstimates
Indonesia 1,004.94 BTC
Maker
0.31%
0.246%
Taker
0.31%
0.258%

952 (11%)
(1%)
(1%)
Pertanyaan buat yang nge trade di binance lalu wd di tokocrypto
United-Kingdom 978.86 BTC
Maker
0.3%
-0.05%
Taker
0.3%
0.02%




And much more...
208 (16%)
(8%)
(7%)
GoMining: 2017 vs. Heute
Argentina 859.28 BTC 0.1% 15 (39%)
(37%)
(11%)
RWA Inc: Enabling Businesses To Unlock Liquidity
Seychelles 810.18 BTC
Maker
0.08%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0.03%
152 (25%)
(18%)
(17%)
Futures contract
(50x leverage)
Options contract
WTS Gems - Multiple Series (1,2,3,4,Space)
Japan 646.01 BTC
0.12%
-0.02%
62 (33%)
(22%)
(22%)
Another listing … Expected
Thailand 574.98 BTC 0.25%
249 (47%)
(18%)
(9%)
How do buyers from Thailand pay Andiot Watches? Wise & USDT failed, Western Union blocked (need advice)
Singapore 501.78 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.04%
Taker
0.1%
0.06%
220 (57%)
(9%)
(9%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
Liquidity and Trading Options: BTCC vs Deepcoin - Which Exchange Offers More?
Unknown 449.80 BTC
0.2%
0.06%
353 (27%)
(22%)
(6%)
No KYC required ESMA redirect when buying Monero in the EU/UK
Japan 431.43 BTC
0.05%
-0.01%
17 (45%)
(26%)
(14%)
Margin trading
Thailand 412.23 BTC
0.25%
0.1%

636 (32%)
(21%)
(7%)
GoMining: My Ultimate Review and why You Should Invest!
India 392.29 BTC 0.25%
290 (13%)
(10%)
(9%)
Taiwan 339.12 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.01%
Taker
0.2%
0.036%

33 (68%)
(7%)
(6%)
How do you stay ahead of silent exchange hacks and wallet drains?
Brazil 292.73 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.05%
Taker
0.5%
0.12%


73 (89%)
(3%)
(1%)
Pagamento de
boletos
South-Africa 273.41 BTC
Maker
0%
-0.01%
Taker
0.1%
0.01%

154 (68%)
(12%)
(3%)
The Fed Cut Interest Rate Again, and Bitcoin Price Reacted Immediately
Mexico 251.24 BTC
Maker
0.5%
0.04%
Taker
0.65%
0.05%


99 (18%)
(15%)
(13%)
Cab driver better than Americans
South-Africa 135.01 BTC
Maker
0.4%
0%
Taker
0.6%
0.03%


134 (20%)
(17%)
(8%)
Brazil 103.43 BTC
Maker
0.25%
0.02%
Taker
0.5%
0.15%


136 (32%)
(28%)
(12%)
Não sei onde meu pouquinho de bitcoin foi parar
Brazil 95.71 BTC
Maker
0.25%
0.015%
Taker
0.5%
0.1%


616 (46%)
(25%)
(21%)
What is this AscendEX price?
United-States-of-America 95.15 BTC
Maker
0.38%
0%
Taker
0.57%
0.0475%
237 (15%)
(14%)
(11%)
what are binance alternatives??
Brazil 77.55 BTC
Maker
0.3%
0.015%
Taker
0.7%
0.25%


378 (37%)
(21%)
(6%)
🚨 New $SWEAT Listing LIVE 🚨
Australia 69.96 BTC
0.5%
0.02%
164 (32%)
(8%)
(8%)
South-Korea 64.26 BTC
Maker
0.05%
0%
Taker
0.15%
0.05%
5 (40%)
(34%)
(25%)
BitGo Instant Listing Nano on Korean Exchanges... PLEASE`~
Australia 55.61 BTC
0.2%
-0.05%

42 (53%)
(24%)
(9%)
Pay ID held 25hra
Canada 44.23 BTC 0.2%
75 (32%)
(19%)
(14%)
Brazil 41.69 BTC
0.2%
0%


192 (50%)
(36%)
(8%)
Cadastro via PIX
India 41.27 BTC
Maker
0.5%
0.008%
Taker
0.5%
0.035%

418 (26%)
(10%)
(8%)
Margin trading
Futures contract
Indian crypto exchanges are investing in startups instead of fixing their product… and it makes zero sense
South-Korea 34.48 BTC 0.2%
132 (19%)
(14%)
CLE(13%)
Binance has reportedly completed its acquisition of local crypto exchange Gopax - BINANCE BACK IN SOUTH KOREA!
Estonia 33.13 BTC
Maker
0.3%
0%
Taker
0.45%
0.01%


175 (25%)
(16%)
(14%)
Nawrocki is in the final stretch, with the full support of the Trumpists and the Confederation.
Brazil 30.82 BTC
Maker
0.25%
0%
Taker
0.5%
0.1%



142 (40%)
(22%)
(11%)
United-Arab-Emirates 21.29 BTC 0.1% 16 (44%)
(23%)
(4%)
New Exchange poll
India 21.13 BTC
0.25%
0.03%

224 (32%)
(25%)
(15%)
Last Day to File ITR — Check Your 26AS for Crypto Trades 🚨
Panama 20.05 BTC
5%
0%




And much more...
66 (27%)
(19%)
(14%)
No KYC required
Reputation system
Escrow
10% fee discount
South-Korea 16.94 BTC
0.2%
0.03%

64 (21%)
(19%)
(7%)
December 11, 1941: World War 2 News Full Coverage - Minneapolis Morning Tribune
Japan 16.78 BTC
0.1%
0.05%
7 (46%)
(37%)
(10%)
I was scammed and lost $52k through BTC Box skinned site/app.
Czech-Republic 15.68 BTC
Maker
0.4%
-0.04%
Taker
0.6%
0.1%

15 (53%)
(10%)
(9%)
Manual Crypto Arbitrage
United-States-of-America 12.06 BTC 0.1%
4 (86%)
(13%)
(0%)
Be aware of different transaction history on your pionex.us mobile app and website. Your profit is not final what it shows on your account using website is way different than using mobile app. Check yours and compare them.
Netherlands 9.26 BTC 0.8%
1 (100%)
Japan 8.58 BTC
0.3%
0%
35 (74%)
(21%)
(1%)
Crypto.com is back to No.2
Nigeria 8.42 BTC
0.3%
0.1%

92 (44%)
(15%)
(13%)
Nigeria vs. Binance: A Landmark Legal Battle in Crypto Regulation
Croatia 6.49 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.05%
Taker
0.5%
0.05%


49 (29%)
(9%)
(9%)
Stop limit Cryptocurrency Exchanges - Bullseye.io
India 3.44 BTC 0.2%
111 (42%)
(28%)
(5%)
ARK added to Bitcoiva exchange
Unknown 3.36 BTC
0.03%
-0.005%
29 (51%)
(30%)
(4%)
Decentralized Me and the Fellas. (We're up to no good.)
India 3.12 BTC
0.4%
0.1%

500 (15%)
(9%)
(9%)
Stop Limit Crypto is unironically the best way to save some assets from a possible marital dispute?
United-Kingdom 2.91 BTC
Maker
0.15%
0%
Taker
0.25%
0.01%



337 (17%)
(13%)
(12%)
Margin trading
GHS Trading
Cloud Mining
Credit/Debit cards
Crypto.com is back to No.2
Thailand 2.35 BTC 0.25%
55 (81%)
(7%)
(6%)
XRP Tops Thailand's Asset Performance Charts for 9th Consecutive Month
Italy 1.95 BTC 0%

10 (34%)
(27%)
(13%)
Chile 1.70 BTC
Maker
0.4%
0.1%
Taker
0.8%
0.2%
7 (92%)
(5%)
(1%)
r/Bitcoin recap - October 2018
India 0.32 BTC
0.3%
0.2%

188 (30%)
(6%)
(5%)
Bitcoin Meetup: Stories from Bitcoiners who saw it at ₹500 [Tomorrow, 6th Sept]
United-Kingdom 0.32 BTC 0%
5 (66%)
(27%)
(5%)
Brainstorming and collating information and sources to aid us in the upcoming battle in the UK over exchanges criminally delisting BSV.
Brazil 0.02 BTC 0.12%
1 (100%)
Brazil 0.02 BTC
0.5%
0.1%

69 (28%)
(21%)
(9%)
The latest Bitcoin Breakdown newsletter issue is now live. See a sneak peek of the Quick Bits and Quick Media sections below. Full issue link is in the comments.
Germany 0.00 BTC 0.4% 88 (48%)
(22%)
(13%)
United-Kingdom 0.00 BTC
Maker
0.4%
0%
Taker
0.45%
0.06%

12 (89%)
(10%)
(0%)
Margin trading
New-Zealand 0.00 BTC
0.8%
0.4%
1 (100%) Floating Orders Kiwi-Coin (Est. 2014) Shuts Jan 1, 2026 - NZ OG BTC Exchange Latest De-Risking Casualty
Unknown 0 BTC 0.2% 42 No KYC required
Slovenia 0 BTC
Maker
0.5%
0.01%
Taker
0.5%
0.03%


0 Mining What are you guys doing with NiceHash payouts? Hold, sell, or DCA into other coins?
Indonesia 0 BTC
Maker
0.21%
0.2%
Taker
0.31%
0.3%

487 Recent Reported Crypto Investment Platforms and How to Report Them
Australia 0 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.01%
Taker
0.1%
0.01%
104 Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Isle-of-Man 0 BTC 1%
2 Credit/Debit cards Do people here not use cryptoexchanges to buy bitcoin?
Brazil 0 BTC 0% 44 August Report for Brazil Proposal
Brazil 0 BTC 0.2%
1
127 exchanges from 42 countries (updated )