Name Region Volume (24h) Fees Fiat money Pairs Top pairs Features News
Seychelles 343,094.23 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.015%
Taker
0.1%
0.032%
114 (41%)
(16%)
(10%)
Futures contract
(250x leverage)
Options contract
10% fee discount
Unknown 333,208.88 BTC
Maker
0.02%
0%
Taker
0.05%
0.0153%
640 (17%)
(15%)
(4%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
20% fee discount
BlackRock moved $229M into Coinbase during Christmas Eve silence
Unknown 79,159.42 BTC
0.1%
0%




And much more...
2503 (11%)
(11%)
(8%)
Margin trading
20% fee discount
BTC Wicked to $24K on Binance… Blink and You Missed It 👀
Indonesia 25,809.34 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.1%
Taker
0.21%
0.11%

42 (49%)
(18%)
(8%)
Review Aplikasi Reku
Singapore 23,927.49 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.02%
Taker
0.2%
0.06%
448 (39%)
(34%)
(4%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Talk me out of this: betting $7,500 on Solfart ($SOLF) because the presale gap looks insane
Singapore 22,985.05 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.02%
Taker
0.1%
0.05%
333 (67%)
(18%)
(3%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Sending of XRP Shutdown
Saint-Vincent-and-the-Grenadines 22,628.18 BTC
Maker
0.08%
0.006%
Taker
0.1%
0.03%
616 (28%)
(25%)
(6%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
Bitcoin Santa Rally to $100,000 but imminent dip to $82,800
Hong-Kong 20,406.52 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.005%
Taker
0.1%
0.02%


1195 (35%)
(12%)
(3%)
How do you handle these events?
Singapore 20,360.79 BTC
Maker
0.06%
0.02%
Taker
0.07%
0.06%
1016 (57%)
(4%)
(3%)
Up to $3,000
in rewards
$RUJI token explained - FAQ
Cayman-Islands 20,252.54 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0.02%


4525 (39%)
(21%)
(2%)
20% fee discount
Cayman-Islands 19,382.46 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.02%
Taker
0.1%
0.0338%
1152 (44%)
(10%)
(2%)
Margin trading
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Up to $3,000
in rewards
Liquidity is everything. 🌊
Hong-Kong 19,079.11 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.02%
Taker
0.2%
0.06%
1143 (20%)
(10%)
(7%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
15% fee discount
The biggest companies don’t lose to competitors — they lose to the future. Cryptocurrencies are the past. Quantumcurrencies are Future. Bitcoin 2.0 but designed for the future.
Singapore 18,262.37 BTC
0.2%
0.01%
478 (57%)
(9%)
(4%)
Futures contract
(200x leverage)
Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU IND) issues notices for non-compliance to 25 offshore Virtual Digital Assets Service providers (VDA SPs) under Section 13 of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PML) Act, 2002
Seychelles 18,218.98 BTC
Maker
0%
0%
Taker
0.01%
0%
2531 (23%)
(17%)
(4%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
MEXC froze my funds and is demanding abusive “verification fees” (30% deposit + 200 USDT password reset)
Canada 17,828.55 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.02%
Taker
0.2%
0.06%
1142 (53%)
(22%)
(2%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
🚨 Biconomy Listing Update! 🚨
Seychelles 17,200.27 BTC 0.2% 251 (85%)
(4%)
(2%)
Happy to announce another listing
Seychelles 16,741.58 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.0094%
Taker
0.2%
0.0163%


659 (9%)
(8%)
(7%)
20% fee discount HTX crypto exchange will list Kaspa for spot trading on December 24, 2025!
Seychelles 16,704.60 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.016%
Taker
0.1%
0.0256%


743 (32%)
(31%)
(2%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
20% fee discount
XRP ETF Holdings Rise as Market Waits for Confirmation
Singapore 15,716.12 BTC
Maker
0.2%
-0.015%
Taker
0.2%
0.02%
755 (41%)
(34%)
(5%)
Margin trading
Futures contract
We are 3rd in top 10 gain on ascendex exchange
Panama 15,464.69 BTC
Maker
0.03%
0%
Taker
0.05%
0%
15 (80%)
(16%)
(3%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Options contract
10% fee discount
Bitcoin faces record $23.8B options expiry amid holiday trading 💰🔥
Singapore 15,104.80 BTC
Maker
0.15%
0%
Taker
0.2%
0.01%
634 (29%)
(13%)
(6%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Options contract
$30,000 Deposit
Rewards
Canada 14,119.82 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.04%
Taker
0.1%
0.006%
805 (33%)
(27%)
(6%)
Futures contract
(200x leverage)
Hege on Bifinance and more! Welcome to this week in $HEGE
Australia 12,976.28 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.0125%
Taker
0.2%
0.0375%
508 (41%)
(17%)
(3%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
🪸 LAST WEEK AT REEF 🪸 Friday, May 9, 2025
United-Arab-Emirates 12,694.95 BTC
0.2%
0.02%
1548 (24%)
(17%)
(6%)
Margin trading
20% fee discount
The centralized exchanges that support Algorand
Unknown 11,615.39 BTC
0.15%
0.05%

138 (73%)
(10%)
(5%)
Futures contract
(10x leverage)
⤵️ Community daily tasks | 14/6/24
South-Korea 11,242.37 BTC
0.25%
0.05%

665 (13%)
(10%)
(6%)
a rough analysis for the hopeless - ANKR
United-States-of-America 11,086.87 BTC
Maker
0.4%
0%
Taker
0.6%
0.05%


480 (31%)
(14%)
(7%)
Margin trading
Stop orders
API sandbox
19,000 ETH just bridged from Arbitrum to Binance during a holiday…..
Singapore 10,848.98 BTC
Maker
0.15%
0%
Taker
0.3%
0.044%


612 (38%)
(25%)
(17%)
Late on rent type of parlay 🤣what yall think.
Estonia 10,212.12 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.01%
Taker
0.1%
0.035%

759 (24%)
(11%)
(4%)
Margin trading 🆕 Dash Perpetual Contract listed on Whitebit
Seychelles 9,397.60 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.02%
Taker
0.1%
0.05%
363 (37%)
(17%)
(7%)
Futures contract
(200x leverage)
Non FIU crypto exchanges
Singapore 9,346.43 BTC
Maker
0.15%
0%
Taker
0.2%
0.08%
786 (30%)
(21%)
(10%)
Margin trading
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Three New Listings For Zano!
Seychelles 8,973.38 BTC
Maker
0.18%
-0.01%
Taker
0.36%
0.03%


693 (22%)
(21%)
(5%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Singapore 7,890.99 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.02%
Taker
0.1%
0.05%
1035 (29%)
(19%)
(8%)
Futures contract
(150x leverage)
5% fee discount
Would you invest in Tokenized Stocks like COINX (tokenized Coinbase) in crypto?
Seychelles 7,620.03 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.006%
Taker
0.2%
0.03%
856 (26%)
(18%)
(4%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
The centralized exchanges that support Algorand
Panama 7,515.92 BTC
Maker
0.2%
-0.005%
Taker
0.2%
0.07%

1001 (28%)
(17%)
(14%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Margin trading
10% fee discount
💪 Poloniex exchange announces support for the upcoming eCash (XEC) network upgrade! ⚙️
British-Virgin-Islands 5,783.25 BTC
Maker
0.2%
-0.02%
Taker
0.2%
0.036%


1223 (28%)
(22%)
(4%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Medium Article Analysis
United-States-of-America 5,759.40 BTC
Maker
0.25%
0%
Taker
0.4%
0.001%


1376 (15%)
(15%)
(6%)
Futures contract
(50x leverage)
Margin trading
Dark pool
BitGo Instant
Lithuania 5,713.31 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.01%
Taker
0.2%
0.1%

158 (27%)
(26%)
(15%)
Estonia 5,556.51 BTC 0.15%
156 (21%)
(18%)
(13%)
FITOCHAIN PRESALE NOW
Singapore 5,305.32 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0.0325%

632 (40%)
(11%)
(6%)
Margin trading [UPDATE] MEXC's Response Confirms Mathematical Impossibility - They're Using WRONG DATA
Cayman-Islands 4,929.74 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0.0325%
490 (32%)
(17%)
(7%)
Futures contract
(150x leverage)
5% fee discount
BTC futures strategy (2019–2025) – feedback on fees, execution & exchange choice
South-Korea 4,350.90 BTC
0.25%
0%
448 (9%)
(7%)
(6%)
Listing Nano on Korean Exchanges... PLEASE`~
United-Kingdom 3,950.45 BTC
Maker
0.4%
0%
Taker
0.55%
0.02%

133 (41%)
(18%)
(14%)
¿cual es la exchange con menor comisión o como hacen para bajar sus comisiones?
United-States-of-America 3,716.58 BTC
Maker
0.02%
0%
Taker
0.05%
0.01%
340 (46%)
(17%)
(6%)
Futures contract
(50x leverage)
Kraken: TRX Added to Futures Contracts Next Week
Singapore 2,401.60 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.06%
Taker
0.2%
0.07%
262 (33%)
(19%)
(15%)
Margin trading
10% fee discount
Poland 2,211.18 BTC
Maker
0.49%
0%
Taker
0.98%
0.04%
1230 (53%)
(25%)
(17%)
$50 credit Another major exchange (LATOKEN) has decided to list both Zano and fUSD!
United-Kingdom 2,152.46 BTC
Maker
0.3%
0%
Taker
0.4%
0.006%



278 (48%)
(9%)
(7%)
Stop order
Ripple gateway
BitGo Instant
Best Arbitrage Crypto Bots According to Experienced Reddit Traders
British-Virgin-Islands 2,033.00 BTC 0%

234 (42%)
(25%)
(12%)
Margin trading
BitGo Instant
19,000 ETH just bridged from Arbitrum to Binance during a holiday…..
Singapore 1,602.89 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.04%
Taker
0.1%
0.06%
218 (24%)
(20%)
(6%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
Liquidity and Trading Options: BTCC vs Deepcoin - Which Exchange Offers More?
Spain 1,414.81 BTC
Maker
0.5%
0%
Taker
0.6%
0.001%



314 (22%)
(22%)
(12%)
Where and how to buy RUJI?
Turkey 1,318.57 BTC
Maker
0.25%
0%
Taker
0.35%
0.06%

261 (8%)
(6%)
(5%)
44 Million XRP Vanishes from Turkish Exchange as Mega Bull Signals Flash
United-States-of-America 1,170.24 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0%
Taker
0.4%
0.03%

397 (15%)
(15%)
(15%)
API sandbox 35[M]China/anywhere- looking for some possible connections
Singapore 1,160.82 BTC
0.3%
0.1%
348 (48%)
(9%)
(3%)
Futures contract
(200x leverage)
Are exchange copy trading features actually reliable? Does the BYDFi copy trading feature actually work?
South-Korea 1,142.82 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0%
Taker
0.2%
0.01%
395 (48%)
(25%)
(13%)
Margin trading
Indonesia 1,136.07 BTC
Maker
0.31%
0.246%
Taker
0.31%
0.258%

949 (18%)
(3%)
(1%)
Pertanyaan buat yang nge trade di binance lalu wd di tokocrypto
United-Kingdom 1,091.17 BTC
Maker
0.3%
-0.05%
Taker
0.3%
0.02%




And much more...
197 (19%)
(8%)
(7%)
Beware exmocryptoexchange.com and random friend requests if you belong to a travel group
Netherlands 971.99 BTC
Maker
0.15%
0%
Taker
0.25%
0.01%


440 (17%)
(9%)
(8%)
Bit_vavo | 25€ em Bitcoin grátis 🚀
Hong-Kong 930.02 BTC
Maker
0.2%
-0.02%
Taker
0.2%
0.04%

1501 (17%)
(10%)
(7%)
Margin trading
Stop Limit
Futures contract
7.5% fee discount
Polymarket froze my USDT deposit
Turkey 916.99 BTC
Maker
0.12%
0.01%
Taker
0.2%
0.01%

345 (6%)
(6%)
(6%)
Your Daily Bitcoin Breakdown newsletter is now live. Check out today’s Top Stories and a sneak peek at the latest Quick Bits snippets. Full issue link is in the comments.
Ukraine 900.08 BTC 0.2%
121 (36%)
(14%)
(12%)
Qmall
Unknown 866.51 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.01%
Taker
0.25%
0.04%
1104 (24%)
(19%)
(5%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Margin trading
SaucerSwap (SAUCE) is now live on HitBTC
Malta 851.91 BTC
0.1%
0.01%

157 (26%)
(21%)
(5%)
6 years and many more to come
Saint-Kitts-and-Nevis 826.38 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.031%
Taker
0.5%
0.031%

654 (25%)
(20%)
(5%)
BCH market
Margin trading
Futures contract
(75x leverage)
Japan 757.82 BTC
0.1%
0.03%
8 (64%)
(32%)
(3%)
Margin trading
(15x leverage)
Outflows climbing. Exchanges thinning. Binance crowned #1 — Coinbase pushed aside.
Chile 741.35 BTC
Maker
0.28%
0.04%
Taker
0.59%
0.06%


119 (28%)
(22%)
(6%)
USDC dispara no radar dos investidores: descubra agora o valor da stablecoin que não para de crescer!
Switzerland 711.14 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.015%
Taker
0.2%
0.0263%
495 (4%)
(4%)
(4%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
GoMining: 2017 vs. Heute
Seychelles 689.43 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0.03%
345 (31%)
(25%)
(6%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Thailand 592.10 BTC 0.25%
249 (52%)
(16%)
(12%)
How do buyers from Thailand pay Andiot Watches? Wise & USDT failed, Western Union blocked (need advice)
Japan 424.66 BTC
Maker
0.05%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0%
25 (88%)
(7%)
(3%)
Interest on deposit Kraken earnings and Crypto.com revenue guesstimates
Seychelles 395.43 BTC
Maker
0.08%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0.03%
33 (58%)
(18%)
(6%)
Futures contract
(50x leverage)
Options contract
WTS Gems - Multiple Series (1,2,3,4,Space)
Estonia 381.93 BTC 0.2% 61 (9%)
(8%)
(7%)
Ethereum erush listed on new crypto exchange Share EER 📈📊📈❕❗❕❗ Buy - sell and start ethereum erush mining https://bitspay.io/trade/EER_BTC
India 353.70 BTC 0.25%
287 (10%)
(8%)
(7%)
Is Beldex Crypto + Aarman.com a scam , Aarman withdrawal pending
Japan 317.82 BTC
0.12%
-0.02%
62 (29%)
(26%)
(21%)
Another listing … Expected
Argentina 263.79 BTC 0.1% 15 (38%)
(35%)
(8%)
RWA Inc: Enabling Businesses To Unlock Liquidity
Thailand 258.33 BTC
0.25%
0.1%

627 (44%)
(10%)
(10%)
GoMining: My Ultimate Review and why You Should Invest!
Japan 240.11 BTC
0.05%
-0.01%
17 (41%)
(21%)
(20%)
Margin trading
Unknown 202.43 BTC
0.2%
0.06%
347 (20%)
(15%)
(4%)
No KYC required 🐸🌿💨
Taiwan 171.57 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.01%
Taker
0.2%
0.036%

35 (52%)
(21%)
(11%)
How do you stay ahead of silent exchange hacks and wallet drains?
Mexico 156.70 BTC
Maker
0.5%
0.04%
Taker
0.65%
0.05%


99 (32%)
(16%)
(12%)
Cab driver better than Americans
South-Korea 67.78 BTC 0.2%
133 (55%)
(13%)
(11%)
Binance has reportedly completed its acquisition of local crypto exchange Gopax - BINANCE BACK IN SOUTH KOREA!
Brazil 59.12 BTC
Maker
0.25%
0.015%
Taker
0.5%
0.1%


615 (49%)
(26%)
(19%)
What is this AscendEX price?
South-Africa 51.77 BTC
Maker
0.4%
0%
Taker
0.6%
0.03%


134 (15%)
(13%)
(12%)
When retail says "sell," smart money says "thank you." 🤔
United-States-of-America 42.60 BTC
Maker
0.38%
0%
Taker
0.57%
0.0475%
225 (19%)
(18%)
(10%)
Crumbs to feed the Patos Flock: Monday - December 22nd Updates on Patos
South-Africa 32.87 BTC
Maker
0%
-0.01%
Taker
0.1%
0.01%

159 (25%)
(15%)
(12%)
The Fed Cut Interest Rate Again, and Bitcoin Price Reacted Immediately
India 25.80 BTC
Maker
0.5%
0.008%
Taker
0.5%
0.035%

417 (28%)
(11%)
(5%)
Margin trading
Futures contract
CoinDCX vs CoinSwitch vs Delta Exchange for crypto futures, what are you using?
South-Korea 25.62 BTC
Maker
0.05%
0%
Taker
0.15%
0.05%
5 (41%)
(36%)
(18%)
BitGo Instant Listing Nano on Korean Exchanges... PLEASE`~
Brazil 25.18 BTC
Maker
0.3%
0.015%
Taker
0.7%
0.25%


296 (33%)
(24%)
(13%)
🚨 New $SWEAT Listing LIVE 🚨
Brazil 24.42 BTC
Maker
0.25%
0.02%
Taker
0.5%
0.15%


137 (35%)
(27%)
(11%)
Não sei onde meu pouquinho de bitcoin foi parar
Australia 23.64 BTC
0.5%
0.02%
164 (27%)
(9%)
(9%)
Estonia 20.40 BTC
Maker
0.3%
0%
Taker
0.45%
0.01%


175 (35%)
(30%)
(12%)
Nawrocki is in the final stretch, with the full support of the Trumpists and the Confederation.
India 19.55 BTC
0.25%
0.03%

224 (42%)
(18%)
(14%)
Last Day to File ITR — Check Your 26AS for Crypto Trades 🚨
Panama 18.49 BTC
5%
0%




And much more...
64 (27%)
(22%)
(18%)
No KYC required
Reputation system
Escrow
10% fee discount
Canada 16.67 BTC 0.2%
75 (27%)
(17%)
(16%)
Tax implications of cashing out Crypto funded from a joint bank account
Brazil 14.38 BTC
0.2%
0%


192 (66%)
(16%)
(8%)
Cadastro via PIX
Australia 13.56 BTC
0.2%
-0.05%

42 (34%)
(24%)
(22%)
Pay ID held 25hra
Netherlands 12.00 BTC 0.8%
1 (100%)
South-Korea 10.75 BTC
0.2%
0.03%

59 (14%)
(11%)
(11%)
December 11, 1941: World War 2 News Full Coverage - Minneapolis Morning Tribune
Brazil 7.74 BTC
Maker
0.25%
0%
Taker
0.5%
0.1%



142 (37%)
(19%)
(15%)
Brazil 6.96 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.05%
Taker
0.5%
0.12%


78 (18%)
(16%)
(16%)
Pagamento de
boletos
Croatia 6.37 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.05%
Taker
0.5%
0.05%


49 (29%)
(10%)
(9%)
Stop limit Cryptocurrency Exchanges - Bullseye.io
United-Arab-Emirates 6.00 BTC 0.1% 16 (45%)
(9%)
(8%)
New Exchange poll
Japan 5.85 BTC
0.1%
0.05%
7 (43%)
(24%)
(19%)
I was scammed and lost $52k through BTC Box skinned site/app.
Nigeria 5.06 BTC
0.3%
0.1%

92 (23%)
(22%)
(9%)
Nigeria vs. Binance: A Landmark Legal Battle in Crypto Regulation
Czech-Republic 5.01 BTC
Maker
0.4%
-0.04%
Taker
0.6%
0.1%

15 (53%)
(18%)
(17%)
Manual Crypto Arbitrage
India 3.68 BTC 0.2%
111 (43%)
(39%)
(6%)
ARK added to Bitcoiva exchange
United-Kingdom 3.22 BTC
Maker
0.15%
0%
Taker
0.25%
0.01%



337 (16%)
(15%)
(12%)
Margin trading
GHS Trading
Cloud Mining
Credit/Debit cards
Crypto.com is back to No.2
India 3.19 BTC
0.4%
0.1%

503 (31%)
(17%)
(13%)
Stop Limit Are you evaluating Indian crypto exchanges differently after the wazirx hack?
United-States-of-America 2.82 BTC 0.1%
4 (90%)
(9%)
(0%)
Be aware of different transaction history on your pionex.us mobile app and website. Your profit is not final what it shows on your account using website is way different than using mobile app. Check yours and compare them.
Japan 2.80 BTC
0.3%
0%
35 (68%)
(9%)
(9%)
Crypto.com is back to No.2
Isle-of-Man 2.23 BTC 1%
2 (100%)
(0%)
Credit/Debit cards Do people here not use cryptoexchanges to buy bitcoin?
Unknown 1.30 BTC
0.03%
-0.005%
29 (67%)
(18%)
(2%)
Decentralized Would I be able to gurantee the 3rd ex?
Chile 1.00 BTC
Maker
0.4%
0.1%
Taker
0.8%
0.2%
7 (71%)
(20%)
(5%)
r/Bitcoin recap - October 2018
Thailand 0.76 BTC 0.25%
55 (68%)
(16%)
(7%)
XRP Tops Thailand's Asset Performance Charts for 9th Consecutive Month
India 0.49 BTC
0.3%
0.2%

188 (40%)
(20%)
(4%)
Bitcoin Meetup: Stories from Bitcoiners who saw it at ₹500 [Tomorrow, 6th Sept]
United-Kingdom 0.28 BTC
Maker
0.4%
0%
Taker
0.45%
0.06%

17 (99%)
(0%)
(0%)
Margin trading
Italy 0.23 BTC 0%

9 (31%)
(22%)
(19%)
United-Kingdom 0.09 BTC 0%
6 (68%)
(29%)
(1%)
Brainstorming and collating information and sources to aid us in the upcoming battle in the UK over exchanges criminally delisting BSV.
Brazil 0.03 BTC
0.5%
0.1%

69 (42%)
(35%)
(6%)
The latest Bitcoin Breakdown newsletter issue is now live. See a sneak peek of the Quick Bits and Quick Media sections below. Full issue link is in the comments.
New-Zealand 0.00 BTC
0.8%
0.4%
1 (100%) Floating Orders Kiwi-Coin (Est. 2014) Shuts Jan 1, 2026 - NZ OG BTC Exchange Latest De-Risking Casualty
Brazil 0.00 BTC 0.2%
1 (100%)
Brazil 0.00 BTC 0.12%
1 (100%)
Unknown 0 BTC 0.2% 42 No KYC required
Slovenia 0 BTC
Maker
0.5%
0.01%
Taker
0.5%
0.03%


0 Mining What are you guys doing with NiceHash payouts? Hold, sell, or DCA into other coins?
Indonesia 0 BTC
Maker
0.21%
0.2%
Taker
0.31%
0.3%

487 Recent Reported Crypto Investment Platforms and How to Report Them
Australia 0 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.01%
Taker
0.1%
0.01%
104 Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Brazil 0 BTC 0% 44 August Report for Brazil Proposal
127 exchanges from 42 countries (updated )