Name Region Volume (24h) Fees Fiat money Pairs Top pairs Features News
Seychelles 1,535,743.97 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.015%
Taker
0.1%
0.032%
99 (34%)
(33%)
(9%)
Futures contract
(250x leverage)
Options contract
10% fee discount
Xi Jinping and Trump meeting this week could impact crypto markets
Unknown 822,257.34 BTC
Maker
0.02%
0%
Taker
0.05%
0.0153%
628 (24%)
(21%)
(6%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
20% fee discount
Binance 10·10 Matching Engine Outage: The Silenced Truth
Unknown 234,478.50 BTC
0.1%
0%




And much more...
2450 (12%)
(11%)
(8%)
Margin trading
20% fee discount
President Trump pardoned the billionaire founder of the largest crypto exchange in the world, Binance. It's raised questions about conflicts of interest and the president's use of the pardon power.
Seychelles 176,673.84 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.02%
Taker
0.1%
0.05%
371 (96%)
(0%)
(0%)
Futures contract
(200x leverage)
Links and Additional Resources
Seychelles 86,349.44 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.006%
Taker
0.2%
0.03%
826 (45%)
(28%)
(6%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Daemons launches $DMN token Nov 11 with staking and tournaments
Singapore 77,168.05 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.02%
Taker
0.1%
0.05%
338 (70%)
(16%)
(3%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Account hacked and emptied.
Panama 66,979.44 BTC
Maker
0.03%
0%
Taker
0.05%
0%
15 (82%)
(12%)
(4%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Options contract
10% fee discount
Singapore 62,935.09 BTC
0.2%
0.01%
483 (66%)
(11%)
(2%)
Futures contract
(200x leverage)
Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU IND) issues notices for non-compliance to 25 offshore Virtual Digital Assets Service providers (VDA SPs) under Section 13 of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PML) Act, 2002
Australia 54,031.71 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.0125%
Taker
0.2%
0.0375%
522 (59%)
(10%)
(6%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
🪸 LAST WEEK AT REEF 🪸 Friday, May 9, 2025
Hong-Kong 53,770.60 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.02%
Taker
0.2%
0.06%
1155 (30%)
(20%)
(5%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
15% fee discount
[WTT] SP404 MKII, CONUS, [L] Boone, NC
Singapore 51,207.50 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.02%
Taker
0.2%
0.06%
441 (38%)
(26%)
(7%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
$SOLFART PRESALE IS ON ABSOLUTE FIRE – Over 2 BILLION Tokens GONE Already! When 3rd Round? Why Are We Sleeping On This Gem??
Saint-Vincent-and-the-Grenadines 50,669.70 BTC
Maker
0.08%
0.006%
Taker
0.1%
0.03%
566 (31%)
(28%)
(7%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
Bitunix: The Next-Gen Derivatives Exchange? A Deep Dive into Security (100% PoR), Low Slippage, and Copy Trading!
Singapore 47,235.62 BTC
Maker
0.06%
0.02%
Taker
0.07%
0.06%
1113 (61%)
(5%)
(3%)
Up to $3,000
in rewards
DeFiChain: My Perspective on Where We Stand Today
Hong-Kong 47,083.84 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.005%
Taker
0.1%
0.02%


1246 (39%)
(20%)
(4%)
Looking for a reliable exchange where trades work
Singapore 44,257.63 BTC
Maker
0%
0%
Taker
0.01%
0%
2407 (29%)
(25%)
(4%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
✨ Kryptex Pool Has Launched Zcash (ZEC) Mining
Singapore 41,661.30 BTC
Maker
0.15%
0%
Taker
0.2%
0.01%
644 (33%)
(17%)
(5%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Options contract
$30,000 Deposit
Rewards
Singapore 41,379.03 BTC
Maker
0.15%
0%
Taker
0.3%
0.044%


619 (39%)
(19%)
(19%)
Possible confirmation on Kaspa exchange listing happening THIS MONTH
Seychelles 40,145.78 BTC 0.2% 244 (72%)
(8%)
(3%)
Happy to announce another listing
Estonia 39,369.76 BTC 0.15%
154 (22%)
(18%)
(13%)
FITOCHAIN PRESALE NOW
Cayman-Islands 38,816.38 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0.02%


4478 (42%)
(18%)
(3%)
20% fee discount Gate.io Still Ignoring Court Orders — A Safe Haven for Cybercriminals Under Dr. Lin Han
United-States-of-America 37,409.06 BTC
Maker
0.4%
0%
Taker
0.6%
0.05%


479 (36%)
(16%)
(6%)
Margin trading
Stop orders
API sandbox
How do you transfer VET and Vthor from VeWorld (mobile) to an exchange like coinbase or kraken?
Seychelles 33,478.30 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.0094%
Taker
0.2%
0.0163%


678 (9%)
(3%)
(3%)
20% fee discount Possible confirmation on Kaspa exchange listing happening THIS MONTH
Cayman-Islands 33,122.90 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.02%
Taker
0.1%
0.0338%
1200 (42%)
(37%)
(1%)
Margin trading
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Up to $3,000
in rewards
🔥BitMart Liquidity Weekly Report (Nov 10-15)
Seychelles 32,069.17 BTC
Maker
0.18%
-0.01%
Taker
0.36%
0.03%


707 (31%)
(20%)
(6%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Singapore 29,951.80 BTC
Maker
0.15%
0%
Taker
0.2%
0.08%
787 (44%)
(27%)
(2%)
Margin trading
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Three New Listings For Zano!
United-Arab-Emirates 29,830.57 BTC
0.2%
0.02%
1537 (30%)
(21%)
(4%)
Margin trading
20% fee discount
Why Did ASTER Explode on Launch?
Canada 27,586.28 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.02%
Taker
0.2%
0.06%
1080 (48%)
(23%)
(4%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Understanding the QRL mobile app
Canada 25,336.39 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.04%
Taker
0.1%
0.006%
841 (40%)
(25%)
(5%)
Futures contract
(200x leverage)
Hege on Bifinance and more! Welcome to this week in $HEGE
Singapore 24,234.92 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.06%
Taker
0.2%
0.07%
259 (34%)
(18%)
(13%)
Margin trading
10% fee discount
Seychelles 23,781.37 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.016%
Taker
0.1%
0.0256%


784 (40%)
(14%)
(4%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
20% fee discount
Bitget’s Stock Futures Volume exceeds $1 billion
Indonesia 22,943.17 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.1%
Taker
0.21%
0.11%

41 (48%)
(18%)
(8%)
Review Aplikasi Reku
Lithuania 21,227.81 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.01%
Taker
0.2%
0.1%

155 (32%)
(31%)
(18%)
South-Korea 18,961.20 BTC
0.25%
0.05%

660 (19%)
(16%)
(11%)
🚀 altFINS Launches a Dedicated Crypto News Portal
Cayman-Islands 18,800.98 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0.0325%
503 (39%)
(30%)
(4%)
Futures contract
(150x leverage)
5% fee discount
BloFin Promo Code: ALTERNATIVE - Exclusive Signup Bonus Reward
United-States-of-America 17,431.15 BTC
Maker
0.25%
0%
Taker
0.4%
0.001%


1353 (14%)
(11%)
(7%)
Futures contract
(50x leverage)
Margin trading
Dark pool
BitGo Instant
How do you transfer VET and Vthor from VeWorld (mobile) to an exchange like coinbase or kraken?
Singapore 16,587.70 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.02%
Taker
0.1%
0.05%
1106 (37%)
(21%)
(6%)
Futures contract
(150x leverage)
5% fee discount
Panama 16,028.72 BTC
Maker
0.2%
-0.005%
Taker
0.2%
0.07%

1022 (36%)
(22%)
(8%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Margin trading
10% fee discount
💪 Poloniex exchange announces support for the upcoming eCash (XEC) network upgrade! ⚙️
Estonia 15,771.14 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.01%
Taker
0.1%
0.035%

765 (11%)
(7%)
(6%)
Margin trading Monero exchange ecosystem update for September
Singapore 15,124.66 BTC
Maker
0.2%
-0.015%
Taker
0.2%
0.02%
787 (41%)
(33%)
(5%)
Margin trading
Futures contract
We are 3rd in top 10 gain on ascendex exchange
Unknown 13,247.29 BTC
0.15%
0.05%

138 (82%)
(5%)
(2%)
Futures contract
(10x leverage)
⤵️ Community daily tasks | 14/6/24
South-Korea 10,595.08 BTC
0.25%
0%
435 (23%)
(11%)
(9%)
Grok is highly bullish on Toshi!
United-States-of-America 9,851.80 BTC
Maker
0.02%
0%
Taker
0.05%
0.01%
361 (47%)
(17%)
(9%)
Futures contract
(50x leverage)
Kraken: TRX Added to Futures Contracts Next Week
British-Virgin-Islands 8,438.06 BTC
Maker
0.2%
-0.02%
Taker
0.2%
0.036%


1227 (27%)
(21%)
(4%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Medium Article Analysis
United-Kingdom 7,329.44 BTC
Maker
0.3%
0%
Taker
0.4%
0.006%



256 (54%)
(11%)
(9%)
Stop order
Ripple gateway
BitGo Instant
Top 10 crypto exchanges ranked by safety
Singapore 7,001.68 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0.0325%

634 (33%)
(12%)
(5%)
Margin trading [UPDATE] MEXC's Response Confirms Mathematical Impossibility - They're Using WRONG DATA
Ukraine 5,243.13 BTC 0.2%
121 (50%)
(12%)
(11%)
Qmall
British-Virgin-Islands 5,135.95 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.015%
Taker
0.2%
0.02%


281 (35%)
(34%)
(13%)
Margin trading
BitGo Instant
Outflows climbing. Exchanges thinning. Binance crowned #1 — Coinbase pushed aside.
United-States-of-America 5,114.48 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0%
Taker
0.4%
0.03%

381 (13%)
(13%)
(13%)
API sandbox i found some of the new system instructions
Spain 4,831.17 BTC
Maker
0.5%
0%
Taker
0.6%
0.001%



315 (22%)
(18%)
(15%)
Where and how to buy RUJI?
Switzerland 4,575.64 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.015%
Taker
0.2%
0.0263%
495 (6%)
(4%)
(3%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
GoMining: 2017 vs. Heute
South-Korea 4,294.82 BTC
0.2%
0.03%

102 (44%)
(13%)
(11%)
Rumors about PROBIT Delisting Kaspa?
Poland 3,756.94 BTC
Maker
0.49%
0%
Taker
0.98%
0.04%
1228 (62%)
(24%)
(9%)
$50 credit Another major exchange (LATOKEN) has decided to list both Zano and fUSD!
Netherlands 3,247.56 BTC
Maker
0.15%
0%
Taker
0.25%
0.01%


426 (35%)
(9%)
(9%)
[@JohnnyLaw2021 on X] "2 Days till 11.11 Here's our snapshot." 🔗
United-Kingdom 2,944.25 BTC
Maker
0.4%
0%
Taker
0.55%
0.02%

149 (45%)
(15%)
(12%)
¿cual es la exchange con menor comisión o como hacen para bajar sus comisiones?
Singapore 2,887.20 BTC
0.3%
0.1%
337 (42%)
(16%)
(6%)
Futures contract
(200x leverage)
Binance vs BYDFi for someone who hates staring at charts? Would love some honest input
Hong-Kong 2,775.60 BTC
Maker
0.2%
-0.02%
Taker
0.2%
0.04%

1552 (24%)
(12%)
(11%)
Margin trading
Stop Limit
Futures contract
7.5% fee discount
Which Exchange Is Best for USDT and Stablecoin Trading in 2025?
Unknown 2,557.08 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.01%
Taker
0.25%
0.04%
1098 (32%)
(18%)
(6%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Margin trading
BCH market
Add token
SaucerSwap (SAUCE) is now live on HitBTC
Saint-Kitts-and-Nevis 2,476.21 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.031%
Taker
0.5%
0.031%

654 (33%)
(19%)
(7%)
BCH market
Margin trading
Futures contract
(75x leverage)
Malta 2,398.66 BTC
0.1%
0.01%

157 (34%)
(19%)
(7%)
6 years and many more to come
Chile 2,224.12 BTC
Maker
0.28%
0.04%
Taker
0.59%
0.06%


119 (37%)
(21%)
(7%)
USDC dispara no radar dos investidores: descubra agora o valor da stablecoin que não para de crescer!
Singapore 2,192.34 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.04%
Taker
0.1%
0.06%
224 (32%)
(21%)
(6%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
Liquidity and Trading Options: BTCC vs Deepcoin - Which Exchange Offers More?
Seychelles 2,134.41 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0.03%
345 (39%)
(22%)
(8%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Turkey 1,762.60 BTC
Maker
0.25%
0%
Taker
0.35%
0.06%

252 (13%)
(7%)
(7%)
44 Million XRP Vanishes from Turkish Exchange as Mega Bull Signals Flash
Estonia 1,723.77 BTC 0.2% 61 (9%)
(8%)
(7%)
Ethereum erush listed on new crypto exchange Share EER 📈📊📈❕❗❕❗ Buy - sell and start ethereum erush mining https://bitspay.io/trade/EER_BTC
Japan 1,540.49 BTC
0.1%
0.03%
8 (75%)
(21%)
(2%)
Margin trading
(15x leverage)
Outflows climbing. Exchanges thinning. Binance crowned #1 — Coinbase pushed aside.
Turkey 1,510.63 BTC
Maker
0.12%
0.01%
Taker
0.2%
0.01%

337 (6%)
(5%)
(4%)
BtcTurk hacked for $48 million for a 2nd time with same exploit
South-Korea 1,453.57 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0%
Taker
0.2%
0.01%
389 (27%)
(20%)
(10%)
Margin trading XRP's Korean Institutional Gateway Just Went Live
United-Kingdom 1,410.73 BTC
Maker
0.3%
-0.05%
Taker
0.3%
0.02%




And much more...
240 (20%)
(8%)
(7%)
GoMining: 2017 vs. Heute
Japan 1,348.23 BTC
Maker
0.05%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0%
24 (84%)
(11%)
(3%)
Interest on deposit Kraken earnings and Crypto.com revenue guesstimates
Indonesia 1,132.60 BTC
Maker
0.31%
0.246%
Taker
0.31%
0.258%

962 (7%)
(5%)
(2%)
Pertanyaan buat yang nge trade di binance lalu wd di tokocrypto
Seychelles 1,131.95 BTC
Maker
0.08%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0.03%
151 (30%)
(13%)
(12%)
Futures contract
(50x leverage)
Options contract
WTS Gems - Multiple Series (1,2,3,4,Space)
Argentina 1,018.73 BTC 0.1% 15 (48%)
(30%)
(9%)
RWA Inc: Enabling Businesses To Unlock Liquidity
Thailand 952.65 BTC 0.25%
243 (41%)
(30%)
(6%)
Thailand’s largest exchange, Bitkub, will enable USDC deposits & withdrawals via the Hedera network starting Oct 23 2025Bitkub does $20B+ USD in annual trading volume, marking a major gateway for Hedera adoption in Southeast Asia.
Japan 844.63 BTC
0.12%
-0.02%
62 (34%)
(26%)
(20%)
Another listing … Expected
Japan 565.69 BTC
0.05%
-0.01%
17 (45%)
(24%)
(15%)
Margin trading
Unknown 500.45 BTC
0.2%
0.06%
355 (26%)
(23%)
(4%)
No KYC required Some good stuff going on over at Nonkyc exchange.
Thailand 432.81 BTC
0.25%
0.1%

636 (32%)
(23%)
(7%)
GoMining: My Ultimate Review and why You Should Invest!
Mexico 332.86 BTC
Maker
0.5%
0.04%
Taker
0.65%
0.05%


103 (14%)
(13%)
(11%)
Doubt with trezor safe3
India 305.24 BTC 0.25%
288 (18%)
(8%)
(5%)
106 spot exchange listings $TURBO
Brazil 264.90 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.05%
Taker
0.5%
0.12%


92 (40%)
(36%)
(10%)
Pagamento de
boletos
Taiwan 264.32 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.01%
Taker
0.2%
0.036%

33 (68%)
(7%)
(6%)
How do you stay ahead of silent exchange hacks and wallet drains?
South-Africa 226.52 BTC
Maker
0%
-0.01%
Taker
0.1%
0.01%

154 (66%)
(10%)
(9%)
The Fed Cut Interest Rate Again, and Bitcoin Price Reacted Immediately
South-Africa 213.61 BTC
Maker
0.4%
0%
Taker
0.6%
0.03%


134 (31%)
(18%)
(11%)
Confused about Foreign-Sourced Income (FSI) trading/investment income from UAE platform
Australia 209.97 BTC
0.5%
0.02%
160 (41%)
(21%)
(7%)
United-States-of-America 177.35 BTC
Maker
0.38%
0%
Taker
0.57%
0.0475%
251 (15%)
(10%)
(9%)
How do you transfer VET and Vthor from VeWorld (mobile) to an exchange like coinbase or kraken?
Brazil 144.76 BTC
Maker
0.25%
0.02%
Taker
0.5%
0.15%


131 (65%)
(14%)
(6%)
Não sei onde meu pouquinho de bitcoin foi parar
Brazil 135.22 BTC
Maker
0.3%
0.015%
Taker
0.7%
0.25%


417 (35%)
(21%)
(8%)
🚨 New $SWEAT Listing LIVE 🚨
Brazil 129.32 BTC
Maker
0.25%
0.015%
Taker
0.5%
0.1%


641 (43%)
(29%)
(22%)
What is this AscendEX price?
South-Korea 119.51 BTC
Maker
0.05%
0%
Taker
0.15%
0.05%
5 (48%)
(30%)
(19%)
BitGo Instant XRP's Korean Institutional Gateway Just Went Live
Australia 96.79 BTC
0.2%
-0.05%

42 (40%)
(39%)
(8%)
Pay ID held 25hra
Estonia 70.59 BTC
Maker
0.3%
0%
Taker
0.45%
0.01%


175 (13%)
(13%)
(11%)
Nawrocki is in the final stretch, with the full support of the Trumpists and the Confederation.
Brazil 65.09 BTC
0.2%
0%


192 (71%)
(15%)
(8%)
Cadastro via PIX
Canada 43.56 BTC 0.2%
75 (31%)
(14%)
(11%)
Isle-of-Man 34.79 BTC 1%
2 (99%)
(0%)
Credit/Debit cards
Italy 33.80 BTC 0%

10 (45%)
(17%)
(15%)
Japan 30.82 BTC
0.1%
0.05%
7 (60%)
(28%)
(7%)
I was scammed and lost $52k through BTC Box skinned site/app.
United-Arab-Emirates 29.48 BTC 0.1% 16 (57%)
(39%)
(3%)
New Exchange poll
Brazil 27.76 BTC
Maker
0.25%
0%
Taker
0.5%
0.1%



141 (27%)
(24%)
(18%)
Czech-Republic 22.44 BTC
Maker
0.4%
-0.04%
Taker
0.6%
0.1%

15 (69%)
(9%)
(5%)
Manual Crypto Arbitrage
Panama 17.92 BTC
5%
0%




And much more...
62 (28%)
(18%)
(15%)
No KYC required
Reputation system
Escrow
10% fee discount
United-States-of-America 17.87 BTC 0.1%
4 (91%)
(8%)
(0%)
Be aware of different transaction history on your pionex.us mobile app and website. Your profit is not final what it shows on your account using website is way different than using mobile app. Check yours and compare them.
India 17.79 BTC
0.25%
0.03%

224 (31%)
(20%)
(20%)
Last Day to File ITR — Check Your 26AS for Crypto Trades 🚨
South-Korea 15.66 BTC 0.2%
128 (23%)
(17%)
(11%)
Binance has reportedly completed its acquisition of local crypto exchange Gopax - BINANCE BACK IN SOUTH KOREA!
Chile 11.89 BTC
Maker
0.4%
0.1%
Taker
0.8%
0.2%
7 (93%)
(2%)
(2%)
r/Bitcoin recap - October 2018
Nigeria 11.58 BTC
0.3%
0.1%

92 (31%)
(29%)
(10%)
Nigeria vs. Binance: A Landmark Legal Battle in Crypto Regulation
Unknown 10.93 BTC
0.03%
-0.005%
29 (52%)
(45%)
(0%)
Decentralized
Netherlands 9.93 BTC 0.8%
1 (100%)
Japan 8.62 BTC
0.3%
0%
35 (53%)
(38%)
(5%)
Crypto.com is back to No.2
India 7.37 BTC
0.4%
0.1%

526 (19%)
(15%)
(9%)
Stop Limit Confused AF after research
Croatia 6.62 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.05%
Taker
0.5%
0.05%


49 (29%)
(9%)
(9%)
Stop limit Cryptocurrency Exchanges - Bullseye.io
India 3.80 BTC 0.2%
110 (38%)
(32%)
(5%)
ARK added to Bitcoiva exchange
Thailand 3.00 BTC 0.25%
55 (38%)
(28%)
(6%)
XRP Tops Thailand's Asset Performance Charts for 9th Consecutive Month
United-Kingdom 2.93 BTC
Maker
0.15%
0%
Taker
0.25%
0.01%



337 (17%)
(13%)
(11%)
Margin trading
GHS Trading
Cloud Mining
Credit/Debit cards
Crypto.com is back to No.2
India 0.52 BTC
0.3%
0.2%

184 (27%)
(18%)
(15%)
Bitcoin Meetup: Stories from Bitcoiners who saw it at ₹500 [Tomorrow, 6th Sept]
United-Kingdom 0.37 BTC 0%
5 (87%)
(11%)
(0%)
Brainstorming and collating information and sources to aid us in the upcoming battle in the UK over exchanges criminally delisting BSV.
Brazil 0.04 BTC
0.5%
0.1%

69 (35%)
(30%)
(12%)
The latest Bitcoin Breakdown newsletter issue is now live. See a sneak peek of the Quick Bits and Quick Media sections below. Full issue link is in the comments.
Brazil 0.01 BTC 0.12%
1 (100%)
Brazil 0.01 BTC 0.2%
1 (100%)
New-Zealand 0.00 BTC
0.8%
0.4%
1 (100%) Floating Orders Kiwi-Coin (Est. 2014) Shuts Jan 1, 2026 - NZ OG BTC Exchange Latest De-Risking Casualty
United-Kingdom 0.00 BTC
Maker
0.4%
0%
Taker
0.45%
0.06%

9 (100%)
(0%)
(0%)
Margin trading
Unknown 0 BTC 0.2% 42 No KYC required
Slovenia 0 BTC
Maker
0.5%
0.01%
Taker
0.5%
0.03%


0 Mining NH Kawpow top profit maker today!!
Indonesia 0 BTC
Maker
0.21%
0.2%
Taker
0.31%
0.3%

482 Update kirim TWD ke IDR via USDT
Australia 0 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.01%
Taker
0.1%
0.01%
130 Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Brazil 0 BTC 0% 44 August Report for Brazil Proposal
130 exchanges from 42 countries (updated )